Pa Disembala 14, 2020, United Kingdom idateromtundu wa SARS-CoV-2 wokhudzidwa (VOC), mzere wa B.1.1.7,imatchedwanso VOC 202012/01 kapena 20I/501Y.V1.* TheKusiyana kwa B.1.1.7 kukuyerekezeredwa kuti kunachitika mu Seputembala2020 ndipo yakhala ikufalikira mwachanguMtundu wa SARS-CoV-2 ku England (1).B.1.1.7 wakhalazapezeka m'maiko opitilira 30, kuphatikiza United States.Mongaya Januware 13, 2021, pafupifupi 76 milandu ya B.1.1.7 iliadapezeka m'maiko 12 aku US.Umboni wochulukazikusonyeza kuti B.1.1.7 imafatsirana bwino kuposa momwe zililimitundu ina ya SARS-CoV-2 (1-3).Njira yotsatiridwa yakusinthika uku ku US kukuwonetsa kukula mwachangu koyambirira kwa 2021,kukhala kusinthika kwakukulu mu Marichi.KuwonjezekaKufalitsa kwa SARS-CoV-2 kumatha kuwopseza chisamaliro chaumoyozothandizira, zimafuna kukhazikitsidwa kowonjezereka komanso mokhazikikaza njira zaumoyo wa anthu (4), ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwachitetezo cha anthu ndichofunikira pothana ndi mliri.Kutenganjira zochepetsera kufala tsopano zitha kuchepetsa kuthekerazotsatira za B.1.1.7 ndikulola nthawi yovuta kuti muwonjezere katemerakufalitsa.Pamodzi, kupititsa patsogolo kuwunika kwa ma genomickuphatikizidwa ndi kupitiliza kutsatira ndi anthu ogwira ntchitonjira zaumoyo, kuphatikizapo katemera, kutalikirana ndi thupi,kugwiritsa ntchito masks, ukhondo m'manja, kudzipatula komanso kukhala kwaokha, zithandikofunikira kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa SARS-CoV-2, kachilombokazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).Strategickuyesa anthu opanda zizindikiro koma pachiwopsezo chachikulu chamatenda, monga omwe ali ndi SARS-CoV-2 kapena omwe ali nawokukhudzana pafupipafupi kosalephereka ndi anthu, kumapereka chinamwayi wochepetsera kufalikira kosalekeza.

Kuwunika kwa ma genomic padziko lonse lapansi komanso shar yotsegula mwachangukutsata kwa ma virus ma genome kwathandizira pafupi ndi nthawi yeniyenikuzindikira, kufananiza, ndi kutsata kusinthika kwa SARS-CoV-2mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ingadziwitse zoyeserera zaumoyo wa anthu kuti aziwongoleramliri.Pomwe kusintha kwina mu viral genomekutuluka kenako kutsika, ena atha kupereka mwayi wosankhakusinthasintha, kuphatikizapo kupititsa patsogolo, kutikusinthika koteroko kumatha kulamulira mwachangu mitundu ina yozungulira.

Kumayambiriro kwa mliri, mitundu ya SARS-CoV-2 yomwe ili ndikusintha kwa D614G mu mapuloteni a spike (S) omwe amawonjezekachidwi chomangirira ma receptor mwachangu chinakhala chokulirapo mwa ambirimadera (5,6).Chakumapeto kwa 2020, mayiko angapo adanenanso kuti azindikiraMitundu ya SARS-CoV-2 yomwe imafalikira bwino kwambiri.Kuphatikiza apoku mtundu wa B.1.1.7, mitundu yodziwika bwino ikuphatikizapo B.1.351mzere woyamba kudziwika ku South Africa ndi posachedwapaB.1.1.28 subclade (yosinthidwanso“P.1”) zapezeka mwa apaulendo anayikuchokera ku Brazil panthawi yowonera ku Haneda (Tokyo)eyapoti.§ Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi gulu la nyenyezi la genetic mutations, kuphatikiza mu S protein receptor-binding domain,zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zimangirire ku cell cell angiotensin-kutembenuza enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor kuti athandizire kachilombokulowa.Umboni ukusonyeza kuti masinthidwe ena amapezeka m’mawuwomitundu ingangopereka osati kungowonjezera kufalikira komansozitha kukhudzanso magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yeniyeni yowunikirasinthani mawu-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)zoyesa¶ ndi kuchepetsa kutengeka kwa neutralizing ma antibodies(2,3,5-10).Lipoti laposachedwa la milandu linalemba mlandu woyamba waSARS-CoV-2 kuyambitsidwanso ku Brazil ndi mtundu wa SARS-CoV-2zomwe zinali ndi kusintha kwa E484K, ** komwe kwawonetsedwakuchepetsa neutralization ndi convalescent sera ndi monoclonalma antibodies (9,10).

Lipotili likuyang'ana pa kutuluka kwa kusiyana kwa B.1.1.7ku United States.Pofika pa Januware 12, 2021, palibeB.1.351 kapena mitundu ya P.1 yapezeka muUnited States.Kuti mudziwe zambiri za SARS-CoV-2 yomwe ikubweramitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhawa, CDC imakhala ndi tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe laperekedwakupereka zidziwitso zamitundu yomwe ikubwera ya SARS-CoV-2.††

 B.1.1.7 mzere (20I/501Y.V1)

Kusiyana kwa B.1.1.7 kumanyamula masinthidwe mu S protein(N501Y) zomwe zimakhudza kusinthika kwa receptor-bindingdomain.Kusiyanaku kuli ndi zina 13 zomasulira mzere wa B.1.1.7 (Table), angapo omwe ali mu S protein,kuphatikiza kufufutidwa pa maudindo 69 ndi 70 (del69-70) kutizidasinthika zokha mumitundu ina ya SARS-CoV-2 ndipo ilikuyerekeza kuti awonjezere kufalikira (2,7).Kufufutidwapa maudindo 69 ndi 70 zimayambitsa S-gene target target (SGTF)mu RT-PCR imodzi-kusanthula kwa diagnostics (ie, ndiThermoFisher Taq Path COVID-19 assay, B.1.1.7 varinyerere ndi mitundu ina yokhala ndi del69-70 amatulutsa negativezotsatira za chandamale cha S-gene ndi zotsatira zabwino za ena awiriwozolinga);SGTF yakhala ngati projekiti ku United Kingdompozindikira milandu ya B.1.1.7 (1).Umboni wochuluka umasonyeza kuti B.1.1.7 ndi wochulukaimafalikira bwino poyerekeza ndi ma SARS-CoV-2 enazosiyanasiyana zozungulira ku United Kingdom.Madera aku UK ndigawo lapamwamba la B.1.1.7 motsatira linali ndi mliri wofulumirakukula kuposa madera ena, matenda a SGTF adakulamofulumira kuposa omwe sanali SGTF matenda m'madera omwewo, ndiochuluka omwe amalumikizana nawo adayambukiridwa ndi odwala indexomwe ali ndi matenda a B.1.1.7 kuposa odwala omwe ali ndi matendamitundu ina (1,3).Chosiyana B.1.1.7 chili ndi kuthekera kowonjezera poto ya USdemic trajectory m'miyezi ikubwerayi.Kuti tiwonetse zotsatira zake,chophweka, mitundu iwiri ya zipinda chitsanzo anapangidwa.Kufalikira kwaposachedwa kwa US kwa B.1.1.7 pakati pa onse omwe akuzungulirama virus sakudziwika koma akuganiza kuti ndi <0.5% kutengerachiwerengero chochepa cha milandu yomwe yapezeka ndi data ya SGTF (8).Zachitsanzo, malingaliro oyambirira anaphatikizapo kufalikira kwa B.1.1.70.5% mwa matenda onse, SARS-CoV-2 chitetezo kumatenda am'mbuyomu 10%-30%, kubereka kosiyanasiyananambala (R t) ya 1.1 (kuchepetsa koma kuwonjezereka)kapena 0.9 (kuchepetsa kufalitsa) pazosintha zomwe zilipo, ndipo zimanenedwa kuti pali milandu 60 pa anthu 100,000 patsiku.Januware 1, 2021. Malingaliro awa sakuyimira ndendendemalo aliwonse a US, koma m'malo mwake, akuwonetsa generalization yamikhalidwe yofala m'dziko lonselo.Kusintha kwa R t kuthanthawi yobwera chifukwa cha chitetezo chokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa prevalence ya B.1.1.7, idasinthidwa, ndi B.1.1.7 R tkukhala nthawi zonse 1.5 nthawi za R t zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengerakuyerekezera koyambirira kochokera ku United Kingdom (1,3).Kenako, mphamvu ya katemera anatengera chitsanzopoganiza kuti katemera wa 1 miliyoni adaperekedwa pakuyambira pa Januware 1, 2021, ndi chitetezo cha 95%.zidatheka patatha masiku 14 atalandira 2 Mlingo.Makamaka,chitetezo chamthupi motsutsana ndi matenda ndi mitundu yaposachedwa kapenaB.1.1.7 kusinthika kunaganiziridwa, ngakhale kuti magwiridwe antchito ndinthawi yachitetezo ku matenda imakhalabe yosatsimikizika,chifukwa awa sanali mapeto oyambirira a mayesero a zachipatalakwa katemera woyamba.Mu chitsanzo ichi, kufalikira kwa B.1.1.7 poyamba kumakhala kochepa, komabe chifukwaimapatsirana kwambiri kuposa momwe zilili pano, ikuwonetsakukula kwachangu koyambirira kwa 2021, kukhala mitundu yayikulunyerere mu Marichi (Chithunzi 1).Kaya kufala kwa panopamitundu ikuwonjezeka (yoyamba R t = 1.1) kapena ikucheperachepera(yoyamba R t = 0.9) mu Januwale, B.1.1.7 imayendetsa kusintha kwakukulumu njira yopatsirana ndi gawo latsopano la exponentialkukula.Ndi katemera amene amateteza matenda, ndinjira zoyambilira za miliri sizisintha ndipo B.1.1.7 imafalikirazikuchitikabe (Chithunzi 2).Komabe, pambuyo pa B.1.1.7 amakhalakusiyana kwakukulu, kufalikira kwake kunachepetsedwa kwambiri.Zotsatira za katemera pa kuchepetsa kufala kwa pafupinthawi yayitali kwambiri muzochitika zomwe kufalikira kunalikuchepa kale (koyamba R t = 0.9) (Chithunzi 2).Kuyesetsa koyambirira kutiakhoza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa kusiyana kwa B.1.1.7, monga chilengedwe chonse ndikutsata njira zochepetsera thanzi la anthu,adzapereka nthawi yochulukirapo kuti katemera wopitilira apite patsogolochitetezo chokwanira pamlingo wa anthu.

Zokambirana

Pakalipano, palibe kusiyana kodziwika mu zotsatira zachipatalayolumikizidwa ndi mitundu yofotokozedwa ya SARS-CoV-2;komabe,kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa milandu yambiri, kuwonjezekakuchuluka kwa anthu onse omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala, kuchulukirachulukirakuchepetsa nkhawa pazithandizo zamankhwala zomwe zalephereka kale,ndi kuchititsa imfa zambiri.Kupitiliza kuyang'anira ma genomickuzindikira milandu ya B.1.1.7, komanso kuwonekera kwa enazosiyanasiyana zodetsa nkhawa ku United States, ndizofunikira kwaKuyankha pazaumoyo wa COVID-19.Pomwe zotsatira za SGTFzingathandize kuzindikira milandu ya B.1.1.7 yomwe ingatsimikizidwepotsata ndondomeko, kuzindikira zosiyana zomwe sizikuwonetsaSGTF imadalira kokha kuwunika kotsata ndondomeko.